Which statement lists the three fundamental concepts of entry and access control?

Which statement lists the three fundamental concepts of entry and access control?

• A. Something a person has, a key or credential; Something the person knows, identification number; What is inherent to a person, biometric ID.
• B. Something a person has, something the person knows
• C. Biometric ID only
• D. Something the person knows, a password

Answer: (A)

Three factors used in entry and access control are something you have, something you know, and something you are (biometrics). The best answer includes all three: possession of a badge or credential, knowledge such as an identification number or password, and a biometric attribute like a fingerprint. Using all three allows multi-factor protection, so even if one factor is compromised (a lost badge or a leaked password, for example), the others still guard access. The other options fall short because they omit one or more of these essential factors. One option covers only two factors, missing biometrics. Another relies on biometric data alone, which isn’t practical or secure by itself. The last option pairs two knowledge factors (both describe what a person knows) and lacks a physical or biometric element.

Three factors used in entry and access control are something you have, something you know, and something you are (biometrics). The best answer includes all three: possession of a badge or credential, knowledge such as an identification number or password, and a biometric attribute like a fingerprint. Using all three allows multi-factor protection, so even if one factor is compromised (a lost badge or a leaked password, for example), the others still guard access.

The other options fall short because they omit one or more of these essential factors. One option covers only two factors, missing biometrics. Another relies on biometric data alone, which isn’t practical or secure by itself. The last option pairs two knowledge factors (both describe what a person knows) and lacks a physical or biometric element.